Unfortunately for a condition with such serious sequelae, the risk profile of cerebral edema in diabetic ketoacidosis (CEDKA) is lacking.
It is known that mortality is increased in cases where CEDKA is seen on first presentation of DKA, in the first 24 hours after presentation for DKA, and in patients who have a long-standing history of diabetes.
CEDKA also seems to be associated with a low serum CO2 level, high serum BUN, administration of sodium bicarbonate on presentation, a rapid fall in glucose without concomitant rise in serum sodium, and the rate and type of fluid administered during treatment of DKA.
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