{"id":8355,"date":"2013-03-21T08:03:41","date_gmt":"2013-03-21T12:03:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/insidesurgery.com\/?p=8355"},"modified":"2013-03-21T08:45:31","modified_gmt":"2013-03-21T12:45:31","slug":"breast-cancer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/insidesurgery.com\/2013\/03\/breast-cancer\/","title":{"rendered":"Breast Cancer"},"content":{"rendered":"
Breast cancer is a:<\/p>\n
1)<\/strong> neoplastic transformation of glandular epithelium of the terminal duct unit, lactiferous proximal ducts, or lobules of the breast 1)<\/strong> palpable mass – hard, irregular, no discrete margins, fixed to underlying tissue Radiology<\/em><\/p>\n mass or suspicious calcifications on mammogram<\/p>\n Comedo intraductal in situ<\/em><\/p>\n 1)<\/strong> large, pleomorphic cells Nocncomedo intraductal in situ<\/em><\/p>\n 3)<\/strong> cells usually smaller than comedo Lobular in situ<\/em><\/p>\n 5)<\/strong> often an incidental finding on breast biopsy Invasive ductal<\/em><\/p>\n 8)<\/strong> stromal invasion occurs with irregular nests and cords of epithelial cells
\n2)<\/strong> almost always adenocarcinoma
\n3)<\/strong> classification is controversial, but most experts recognize in situ (malignant cells do not invade through the basement membrane) and invasive forms
\n4)<\/strong> in situ types – intraductal (comedo and noncomedo sutypes) in situ, lobular in situ, and papillary in situ
\n5)<\/strong> invasive types – ductal, lobular, tubular, colloid, and medullary<\/p>\nSigns and Symptoms<\/h4>\n
\n2)<\/strong> nipple discharge
\n3)<\/strong> breast pain
\n4)<\/strong> retracted or puckered skin
\n5)<\/strong> skin erythema and edema owing to blocked lymphatics in skin (peau d’orange)
\n6)<\/strong> itchy, scaly, ezcema-type tissue on nipples (Paget’s disease)
\n7)<\/strong> palpable lymph nodes<\/p>\nCharacteristic Test Findings<\/h4>\n
Histology\/Gross Pathology<\/h4>\n
\n2)<\/strong> distended ducts with necrotic material<\/p>\n
\n4)<\/strong> lacks necrotic material<\/p>\n
\n6)<\/strong> small cells with minute nucleoli
\n7)<\/strong> considered marker for high risk for subsequent invasive cancer<\/p>\n
\n9)<\/strong> fibroblastic proliferation<\/p>\n