{"id":7755,"date":"2013-03-06T17:50:51","date_gmt":"2013-03-06T22:50:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/insidesurgery.com\/?p=7755"},"modified":"2013-03-09T10:41:00","modified_gmt":"2013-03-09T15:41:00","slug":"epinephrine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/insidesurgery.com\/2013\/03\/epinephrine\/","title":{"rendered":"Epinephrine"},"content":{"rendered":"

Epinephrine is a commonly used drug in intensive care units.<\/p>\n

Involved Receptors<\/h4>\n

Epinephrine acts on the alpha-1, beta-1, and beta-2 receptors<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Actions of Epinephrine<\/h4>\n

Cardiovascular effects<\/em><\/p>\n

1)<\/strong> increased heart rate and force of contraction
\n2)<\/strong> increased cardiac output
\n3)<\/strong> increased systolic pressure but if low doses are administered may cause decrease in diastolic blood pressure and increased blood flow through skeletal muscle (beta-2 effect)
\n4)<\/strong> vasoconstriction increased at higher doses because of alpha-1 effect
\n5)<\/strong> requires adequate fluid resuscitation to avoid ischemic limbs – generally surgeon intensivists are more willing to give larger volumes of isotonic fluid or hypertonic saline comcomitantly with epinephrine to avoid ischemic effects as opposed to medical intensivists.<\/p>\n

\"epinephrine<\/a><\/p>\n

Respiratory effects<\/em><\/p>\n

6)<\/strong> epinenephrine causes increased relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle<\/p>\n

Other<\/em><\/p>\n

7)<\/strong> dilation of pupils (mydriasis)
\n8)<\/strong> increased serum glucose secondary to increased glycogenolysis<\/p>\n

Side effects<\/h4>\n

1)<\/strong> limb ischemia which can largely be avoided if aggressive fluid resuscitation is undertaken
\n2)<\/strong> ventricular arrhythmias
\n3)<\/strong> hypertension<\/p>\n

Preparation<\/h4>\n

IV – 1:10,000 or 1 mg in 10 ml
\nIM\/SC – 1:1000 or 1 mg in 1 ml<\/p>\n

Indications<\/h4>\n

1)<\/strong> sepsis
\n2)<\/strong> cardiac arrest
\n3)<\/strong> anaphylactic shock
\n4)<\/strong> acute severe asthma attack
\n5)<\/strong> cardiac arrest per ACLS protocol<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Epinephrine is a commonly used drug in intensive care units. Involved Receptors Epinephrine acts on the alpha-1, beta-1, and beta-2 receptors<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[5080,5072],"tags":[5453,5454,5455,5459,5458,5456,5457],"yoast_head":"\nEpinephrine - InsideSurgery Medical Information Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/insidesurgery.com\/2013\/03\/epinephrine\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Epinephrine - InsideSurgery Medical Information Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Epinephrine is a commonly used drug in intensive care units. 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