1)<\/strong> osteoarthritis is marked by progressive destruction of articular cartilage <\/p>\n 1)<\/strong> pain in involved joint (typically worse with activity and improved with rest) Radiology<\/em><\/p>\n 1)<\/strong> narrowed joint spaces owing to bony overgrowth 1)<\/strong> joint narrowing Secondary causes<\/em><\/p>\n 1)<\/strong> inflammatory diseases 1)<\/strong> initial damage occurs in setting of repair; eventually these attempts cannot keep pace with resulting destruction of joint surfaces 1)<\/strong> osteoarthritis before age 45 years is more common in men; > 45 years more common in women 1)<\/strong> acupuncture 1)<\/strong> chondromalacia is a subtype of osteoarthritis that affects the patellar surface of the femoral condyles in young people with pain and stiffness in the knees Pathophysiology of osteoarthritis 1) osteoarthritis is marked by progressive destruction of articular cartilage 2) most common in weight-bearing joints and fingers or joints subjected to trauma 3) classified as primary (or idiopathic) and secondary 4) development depends on four contributing factors – genetic predisposition, decreased resilence of articular cartilage, increased mechanical load on chrondrocytes (e.g., […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[63,11],"tags":[5430,5429,5431,5428,5432,5434,5433],"yoast_head":"\n
\n2)<\/strong> most common in weight-bearing joints and fingers or joints subjected to trauma
\n3)<\/strong> classified as primary (or idiopathic) and secondary
\n4)<\/strong> development depends on four contributing factors – genetic predisposition, decreased resilence of articular cartilage, increased mechanical load on chrondrocytes (e.g., congenital hip dysplasia), increased stiffness of epiphyseal bone (e.g., Paget’s disease of bone)<\/p>\nSigns and Symptoms<\/h4>\n
\n2)<\/strong> enlarged joints
\n3)<\/strong> morning stiffness in joints
\n4)<\/strong> presence of Bouchard’s nodes and Heberden’s nodes<\/p>\nCharacteristic Test Findings<\/h4>\n
\n2)<\/strong> increased thickness of subchondral bone
\n3)<\/strong> subchondral bone cysts
\n4)<\/strong> osteophytes
\n5)<\/strong> “lipping” pattern in vertebrae from overlapping osteophytes<\/p>\nHistology\/Gross Pathology<\/h4>\n
\n2)<\/strong> subchondral bone thickening
\n3)<\/strong> mild inflammation in synovium<\/p>\nAssociated Conditions<\/h4>\n
\n2)<\/strong> infection (e.g., Lyme disease)
\n3)<\/strong> metabolic disease with crystal deposits
\n4)<\/strong> immune diseases with deposition of immune complexes<\/p>\nBiochemistry<\/h4>\n
\n2)<\/strong> decreased proteoglycan content and aggregation
\n3)<\/strong> increased chondroitin sulfate
\n4)<\/strong> decreased keratan sulfate
\n5)<\/strong> decreased water content<\/p>\nInheritance\/Epidemiology<\/h4>\n
\n2)<\/strong> genetic predisposition exists<\/p>\nTreatment<\/h4>\n
\n2)<\/strong> analgesics
\n3)<\/strong> weight loss
\n4)<\/strong> exercise
\n5)<\/strong> joint replacement in severe cases
\n6)<\/strong> some data have published concerning effectiveness of glucoasamine<\/p>\nTips for USMLE<\/h4>\n
\n2)<\/strong> pain at base of thumb is very characteristic
\n3)<\/strong> Bouchard’s nodes are osteophytes at proximal interphalangeal joints
\n4)<\/strong> Heberden’s nodes are osteophytes at distal interphalangeal joints<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"