{"id":5356,"date":"2011-04-01T01:59:54","date_gmt":"2011-04-01T05:59:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/insidesurgery.com\/?p=5356"},"modified":"2011-04-04T00:48:31","modified_gmt":"2011-04-04T04:48:31","slug":"squamous-cell-carcinoma-skin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/insidesurgery.com\/2011\/04\/squamous-cell-carcinoma-skin\/","title":{"rendered":"Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Skin"},"content":{"rendered":"
neoplasm of keratinizing epidermal cells<\/p>\n Signs and Symptoms<\/strong><\/p>\n 1)<\/strong> presents in variable forms – ulcerated nodule, superficial erosion, or verrucous papule or plaque 2)<\/strong> ill-defined margins 3)<\/strong> can be fixed to underlying structures 4)<\/strong> has metastatic potential (1%-3%)<\/p>\n Histology\/Gross Pathology<\/strong><\/p>\n premalignant forms – 1)<\/strong> actinic keratoses 2)<\/strong> actinic cheilitis 3)<\/strong> Bowen’s disease<\/p>\n Associated Conditions<\/strong><\/p>\n 1)<\/strong> cumulative exposure to sunlight (especially UV-B) 2)<\/strong> arsenic 3)<\/strong> cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in tar and soot 4)<\/strong> cigarette smoking and oral tobacco 5)<\/strong> chronic immunosuppression 6)<\/strong> HIV 7)<\/strong> burns 8)<\/strong> chronic ulceration\/wounds 9)<\/strong> xeroderma pigmentosa 10)<\/strong> some forms of albinism<\/p>\n Biochemistry<\/strong><\/p>\n 1)<\/strong> considered an angiogenic tumor 2)<\/strong> inactivation of p53 tumor-suppressor gene 3)<\/strong> downregulation of thrombospondin-1 and upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor<\/p>\n Inheritance\/Epidemiology<\/strong><\/p>\n 1)<\/strong> 250,00 new cases in USA each year 2)<\/strong> increased incidence in males, older age, Celtic descent 3)<\/strong> usually appears on sun-exposed areas of head and neck (left side in USA and right side in UK)<\/p>\n Treatment<\/strong><\/p>\n 1)<\/strong> surgical excision 2)<\/strong> Mohs surgery 3)<\/strong> radiation 4)<\/strong> cryosurgery 5)<\/strong> if metastatic disease present – lymph node dissection, radiation, chemotherapy with cisplatin or retinoic acid and interferon 6)<\/strong> prevention by avoiding or blocking UV radiation<\/p>\n Tips for USMLE<\/strong><\/p>\n if a 56 year old farmer has a scab on the right side of his nose for the padt 8 months that has not healed and that has gotten slightly larger in the past 3 months, think squamous cell skin cancer. Pathophysiology neoplasm of keratinizing epidermal cells Signs and Symptoms 1) presents in variable forms – ulcerated nodule, superficial erosion, or verrucous papule or plaque 2) ill-defined margins 3) can be fixed to underlying structures 4) has metastatic potential (1%-3%) Histology\/Gross Pathology premalignant forms – 1) actinic keratoses 2) actinic cheilitis 3) Bowen’s disease Associated Conditions […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[63],"tags":[4245,4246,4247,4250,4249,4248,4251],"yoast_head":"\n
\nPathophysiology<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"