{"id":3583,"date":"2010-07-03T18:31:28","date_gmt":"2010-07-03T22:31:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/insidesurgery.com\/?p=3583"},"modified":"2010-07-04T10:50:23","modified_gmt":"2010-07-04T14:50:23","slug":"mulitple-sclerosis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/insidesurgery.com\/2010\/07\/mulitple-sclerosis\/","title":{"rendered":"Multiple Sclerosis"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!-- google_ad_section_start --><br \/>\n<strong>Pathophysiology<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1)<\/strong> marked by selective demyelination of CNS <strong>2)<\/strong> cause is unknown; likely the four forms (relapsing-remitting, secondary progressive, primary progressive, and progressive relapsing) have different causes <strong>3)<\/strong> several conditions mimic MS (e.g., Lyme disease), which may lead to a misdiagnosis <strong>4)<\/strong> diagnostic confusion arises because MS is a clinical diagnosis (as is Lyme disease) and there are no specific test that reliably diagnose either one <strong>5)<\/strong> some cases of MS are likely autoimmune in a genetically susceptible patient with an environmental exposure (infectious or sexually transmitted)<\/p>\n<p>Signs and Symptoms<\/p>\n<p>1) limb weakness 2) spasticity 3) hyperreflexia 4) sensory loss and paresthesias 5) optic neuritis and diplopia 6) ataxia 7) vertigo 8) internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) 9) nystagmus 10) sensation of body parts being tightly wrapped, swollen, raw, or wet 11) bladder dysfunction 12) cognitive dysfunction &#8211; memory loss, emotional lability, depression 13) fatigue<\/p>\n<p>Characteristic Test Findings<\/p>\n<p>Laboratory &#8211; 1) CSF show increased intrathecally synthesized IgG, oligoclonal banding, and increased mononuclear cells<\/p>\n<p><!-- google_ad_section_end --><br \/>\n<!-- google_ad_section_start(weight=ignore) --><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pathophysiology 1) marked by selective demyelination of CNS 2) cause is unknown; likely the four forms (relapsing-remitting, secondary progressive, primary progressive, and progressive relapsing) have different causes 3) several conditions mimic MS (e.g., Lyme disease), which may lead to a misdiagnosis 4) diagnostic confusion arises because MS is a clinical diagnosis (as is Lyme disease) [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[2162,2164,2149,2161,2160,2151,2165,2150,2163],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Multiple Sclerosis - InsideSurgery Medical Information Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/insidesurgery.com\/2010\/07\/mulitple-sclerosis\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Multiple Sclerosis - InsideSurgery Medical Information Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Pathophysiology 1) marked by selective demyelination of CNS 2) cause is unknown; likely the four forms (relapsing-remitting, secondary progressive, primary progressive, and progressive relapsing) have different causes 3) several conditions mimic MS (e.g., Lyme disease), which may lead to a misdiagnosis 4) diagnostic confusion arises because MS is a clinical diagnosis (as is Lyme disease) [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/insidesurgery.com\/2010\/07\/mulitple-sclerosis\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"InsideSurgery Medical Information Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2010-07-03T22:31:28+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2010-07-04T14:50:23+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Editor\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Editor\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/insidesurgery.com\/2010\/07\/mulitple-sclerosis\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/insidesurgery.com\/2010\/07\/mulitple-sclerosis\/\",\"name\":\"Multiple Sclerosis - InsideSurgery Medical Information Blog\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/insidesurgery.com\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2010-07-03T22:31:28+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2010-07-04T14:50:23+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/insidesurgery.com\/#\/schema\/person\/80c1e5c67f8a2c348e38e202270e8594\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/insidesurgery.com\/2010\/07\/mulitple-sclerosis\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/insidesurgery.com\/2010\/07\/mulitple-sclerosis\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/insidesurgery.com\/2010\/07\/mulitple-sclerosis\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/insidesurgery.com\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Multiple Sclerosis\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/insidesurgery.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/insidesurgery.com\/\",\"name\":\"InsideSurgery Medical Information Blog\",\"description\":\"Details of surgical procedures, pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, and treatment of medical diseases,medical and surgical eponyms, and surgeons and surgery in the news\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/insidesurgery.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/insidesurgery.com\/#\/schema\/person\/80c1e5c67f8a2c348e38e202270e8594\",\"name\":\"Editor\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/insidesurgery.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/41c3c845307fcd3eff88632d6ccaf656?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/41c3c845307fcd3eff88632d6ccaf656?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Editor\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Multiple Sclerosis - InsideSurgery Medical Information Blog","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/insidesurgery.com\/2010\/07\/mulitple-sclerosis\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Multiple Sclerosis - InsideSurgery Medical Information Blog","og_description":"Pathophysiology 1) marked by selective demyelination of CNS 2) cause is unknown; 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