Although a standard procedure for vascular occlusive disease, femoral-femoral bypass grafts (fashioned from the common femoral to common femoral … [Read more...]
Cirrhosis and Ascites
The presence of ascites in the setting of cirrhosis is a particularly ominous condition and is associated with a one year mortality rate of 50%. … [Read more...]
“Bounce back” For Pain After Stab or Gunshot Wound
The astute trauma surgeon or clinician will have a high incidence of suspicion for development of pseudoaneurysm if a patient who has suffered a stab … [Read more...]
Causes of Wide Complex QRS
As every medical resident knows who is studying for their board exam, the six common causes of wide QRS on electrocardiogram (ECG) are: 1. … [Read more...]
Cerebral Edema in Diabetic Ketoacidosis – Part 1
Cerebral edema in diabetic ketoacidosis (CEDKA) is a life-threatening condition that manifests itself largely in the pediatric population, with 95% of … [Read more...]
Cardiac Output
The cardiac output is a commonly used parameter in the intensive care unit. It is considered an overall measure of cardiac function and is a … [Read more...]
Dicrotic Notch
The dicrotic notch represents that closure of the aortic valve. This closure ends systole and starts diastole. … [Read more...]
Anacrotic Notch
The anacrotic notch seen on the arterial pulse wave occurs secondary to the presystolic rise in pressure during the first phase of ventricular systole … [Read more...]
Hydrocele
A hydrocele is a collection of serous fluid that accumulates in a persistent processus vaginalis. Hydroceles can be located anatomically in the … [Read more...]
Hematocele
Hematoceles are not uncommonly occurring conditions where there is an abnormal blood collection in the tunical vaginalis of the testes. Causes of … [Read more...]
Coxa Valga
The condition of coxa valga occurs when the angle between the long axis of the femur and the femoral shaft is increased over normal. … [Read more...]
Coxa Vara
Coxa vara is the condition where the angle formed by the long axis of the femur and the femoral shaft is less than normal (which varies depending on … [Read more...]
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