The presence of an accessory spleen is considered a normal anatomic variant that occurs in 10% of the population. Accessory spleens are usually … [Read more...]
Pancreatic Pseudocyst – Pathophysiology and Treatment
Pancreatic pseudocysts most commonly form in the setting of acute and chronic pancreatitis. The pathophysiology is key to understanding treatment … [Read more...]
Hepatic Artery Anatomy
"Classic" hepatic artery anatomy occurs in 55% of patients and is described as the right and left hepatic arteries originating in the bifurcation of … [Read more...]
Fetal Radiation Exposure From Diagnostic Imaging Studies In the Mother
The following table is an approximation of fetal exposure to radiation from commonly performed imaging studies. This information is adapted from … [Read more...]
Toxoplasmosis
Pathophysiology 1) infection with obligate intracellular protozoa Toxoplasma gondii 2) exists as oocyst, tachyzoite, and bradyzoite forms 3) … [Read more...]
Legionnaire’s Disease
Pathophysiology 1) usual cause is infection with Legionella pneumophilia 2) transmission is via inhalation of bacteria in aerosols or aspiration … [Read more...]
Cholera
Pathophysiology 1) cause is infection with Vibrio cholerae serogroups 01 and 0139 2) production of enterotoxin (exotoxin) causes prolonged … [Read more...]
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS, Lou Gehrig’s Disease)
Pathophysiology a group of disorders with progressive upper and lower motor neuron disease causing progressive motor weakness Signs and … [Read more...]
Eclampsia/Preeclampsia
Pathophysiology 1) symptoms complex occurring in second or third trimester of pregnancy, with hypertension, proteinemia, edema, and convulsions 2) … [Read more...]
Hypokalemia
Pathophysiology 1) decreased potassium levels < 3.5 mmol/L due to increased potassium losses, decreased potassium intake, shift of potassium … [Read more...]
Hashimoto’s Disease
Pathophysiology 1) autoimmune thyroiditis marked by progressive destruction of thyroid follicular cells, decreased production of thyroid hormone, … [Read more...]
Alagille’s Syndrome (Arteriohepatic Disease)
Pathophysiology infantile intrahepatic cholestasis owing to an interstitial gene deletion on chromosome 20 Signs and Symptoms 1) broad … [Read more...]
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