Pathophysiology 1) disease state caused by infection with one of two different viruses (HSV-1, HSV-2) 2) infection causes a lifetime latency, which … [Read more...]
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
Pathophysiology 1) hyperplasia of glands with or without hyperplasia of smooth muscle cells in prostate 2) occurs mostly in transition zone … [Read more...]
Hepatitis E
Pathophysiology 1) enterically transmitted hepatitis caused by infection with Alpha-like organism 2) lacks a chronic or carrier state 3) increased … [Read more...]
Hepatitis D
Pathophysiology 1) caused by an infection with hepatitis D virus 2) three forms - fulminant (5%-20%), acute, and chronic 3) exists largely as … [Read more...]
Calculating Positive and Negative Predictive Values
Positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) are often used in statistical analysis in medical studies. However, some docs get confused as to … [Read more...]
Syncope in Children
Introduction Syncope is defined as a loss of consciousness secondary to decreased cerebral perfusion pressure occurring in brain areas responsible … [Read more...]
Transudate vs. Exudate
One of the classic clinical dilemmas is determining if a fluid collection (particularly as it relates to fluid in the thoracic cavity) is a transudate … [Read more...]
Repair of Colonic Perforations Moves Toward Endoscopic Technique
The December, 2011 issue of the journal Gastrointestinal Endoscopy has an article by Dr. G.S. Raju of MD Anderson Cancer Center regarding the evolving … [Read more...]
Preload Interventions
There are many variables that affect the preload status of the heart and multiple preload interventions that can be used to either increase or … [Read more...]
Hepatitis C
Pathophysiology 1) caused by infection with hepatitis C virus 2) acute infection is usually subclinical 3) chronic infection occurs in 85-90% … [Read more...]
Tibialis Posterior
The tibialis posterior muscle lies in the posterior compartment of the leg. Its main action is to flex the ankle (toward the plantar surface or sole … [Read more...]
Extensor Hallucis Longus
The extensor hallucis longus is one of the muscles in the anterior leg that is used to extend the great toe. The proximal attachment (origin) is the … [Read more...]
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