Intra-aortic balloon pumps are inserted through the femoral artery with inflation at the onset of diastole and deflation just before systole. There are a number of physiological effects:
1. displaces blood both proximally and distally
2. decreases myocardial oxygen demand
3. increases myocardial oxygen supply
4. increases coronary artery perfusion
5. increases systemic artery perfusion
6. increases cardiac output
7. increases systolic ejection fraction
8. increases mean arterial pressure
9. decreases heart rate
10. decreases pulmonary capillary wedge pressure
11. decreases systemic vascular resistance
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